Shaping The Ideal English Landscape

Overview 3
“With large sweeping expanses of lush green fields, groupings of trees, winding paths, and serpentine-shaped rivers and lakes, the English landscape appears as an ideal form of nature; it is, however, an expertly crafted construct.” 
—from the exhibit, "Moving Earth"


Overview 1Andrea/Cara here
, Spring is bursting into bloom where I am, the colors and textures transforming the stark planes of winter into a whole new landscape. It got me to thinking about how trees and shrubs and flowers shape our perception of our surroundings. Modern life, with all its crowded cities and endless strip malls, has tended to dull that bond to the natural world. It got me to thinking about the English countryside, which has always seemed to me to be the quintessential example of a wonderful balance between the wildness of Nature and the careful cultivation of Man.



Denham PLaceAh, but looks can be deceiving, as I recently discovered at a wonderful little exhibit entitled Moving Earth—Capability Brown, Humphry Repton and the Creation of the English Landscape. Much of that “naturalness” was in fact carefully conceived, and achieved on some of the great aristocratic estates by artful positioning of trees, moving mountains of earth to make sweeping vistas of rolling fields, and redirecting streams to form serpentine bodies of water. It’s become the iconic look of England, and owes much of its heritage to master landscape architects “Capability” Brown and Humphry Repton.

Gardens 5According the exhibit, up until the eighteenth century English garden design reflected the influence of the Continent—most especially Le Notre’s designs for Versailles. Straight rows, of well-trimmed plantings, ornate fountains and geometric layouts with formal pathways were the order of the day. Formality ruled. Gardens were not only for relaxation but also a “symbol of wealth, power and culture.”

PlanBut as more and more English aristocrats made “The Grand Tour,” their experience with the picturesque scenery of Italy gave birth a new concept of landscape. Art and poetry began extolling the virtues of a return to Nature. Romantic elements, like grottoes and classical ruins, were seen as adding to that allure.

The grand estate at Stowe, where Capability Brown began his career, was one of the first places to begin experimenting with a free form of layout. Winding paths and classical temples highlight the groves of trees and long vistas. Blenheim, the family seat of the Duke of Marlborough, also chose to showcase the “new” look, with Brown creating a plan.

Brown at Blenheim
By 1751, Brown—who earned his nickname for often saying a place had “capabilities of improvement”—had earned a reputation as a master visionary and some who could imitate Nature so well, that his creations were said to be better than the real thing. He arranged drive and pathways to reveal one extraordinary vista after another. His hand truly shaped what we think of today as the classic English look. (He’s said to have designed over 170 gardens and landscapes over the course of his career.

Reptons cottageHumphry Repton followed Brown. A student of architectural history, he was very focused on how the house fit into the landscape. He pioneered the look of more flowers and parterres around a residence, while also keeping the sweeping vistas and winding pathways favored by Brown.

The country estates of our Regency heroes and heroines live in the world of Brown and Repton. And fortunately its beauty has stood the test of time!

Overview 1
So, what’s your taste in gardens? Do you like a more formal, orderly layout with trimmed plantings? Or are you partial to a more natural look, where wildness rules? Have you a favorite famous garden? (I find Giverny, Claude Monet’s garden, quite amazing.)

95 thoughts on “Shaping The Ideal English Landscape”

  1. Very interesting, Andrea. The country life is so bound up in British ideals in a way it isn’t France, for example. Naturalistic landscapes both shaped and expressed those ideals. I like the more relaxed style myself. Parterres are all very well to look at, but not cozy. *G*

    Reply
  2. Very interesting, Andrea. The country life is so bound up in British ideals in a way it isn’t France, for example. Naturalistic landscapes both shaped and expressed those ideals. I like the more relaxed style myself. Parterres are all very well to look at, but not cozy. *G*

    Reply
  3. Very interesting, Andrea. The country life is so bound up in British ideals in a way it isn’t France, for example. Naturalistic landscapes both shaped and expressed those ideals. I like the more relaxed style myself. Parterres are all very well to look at, but not cozy. *G*

    Reply
  4. Very interesting, Andrea. The country life is so bound up in British ideals in a way it isn’t France, for example. Naturalistic landscapes both shaped and expressed those ideals. I like the more relaxed style myself. Parterres are all very well to look at, but not cozy. *G*

    Reply
  5. Very interesting, Andrea. The country life is so bound up in British ideals in a way it isn’t France, for example. Naturalistic landscapes both shaped and expressed those ideals. I like the more relaxed style myself. Parterres are all very well to look at, but not cozy. *G*

    Reply
  6. So true. I’m of the cozy and casual school. Parterres do not encourage you to take off your shoes and laze in the grass reading a good book. And that’s my idea of a great way to hang out in a garden. I love the natural look, and a certain wildness, which I find relaxing.

    Reply
  7. So true. I’m of the cozy and casual school. Parterres do not encourage you to take off your shoes and laze in the grass reading a good book. And that’s my idea of a great way to hang out in a garden. I love the natural look, and a certain wildness, which I find relaxing.

    Reply
  8. So true. I’m of the cozy and casual school. Parterres do not encourage you to take off your shoes and laze in the grass reading a good book. And that’s my idea of a great way to hang out in a garden. I love the natural look, and a certain wildness, which I find relaxing.

    Reply
  9. So true. I’m of the cozy and casual school. Parterres do not encourage you to take off your shoes and laze in the grass reading a good book. And that’s my idea of a great way to hang out in a garden. I love the natural look, and a certain wildness, which I find relaxing.

    Reply
  10. So true. I’m of the cozy and casual school. Parterres do not encourage you to take off your shoes and laze in the grass reading a good book. And that’s my idea of a great way to hang out in a garden. I love the natural look, and a certain wildness, which I find relaxing.

    Reply
  11. I too prefer the natural look. I am not sure I have ever achieved it in may back yard (it CAN be done, but not by me.) But I grew up with it in several parts of the Missouri Botanical Gardens. Alas, some parts of Shaw’s garden had reverted to more formal arrangements by the time we returned to Missouri in 1989. The Geodesic Dome area had been a fantasy land of tropical “wilds.” They had turned it into an educational center with much more formality by the time we saw it again. We’ve been home (in Columbia) for 27 years now; but we don’t go back to Shaw’s Garden much. For me the formality of the teaching areas has taken away the romance.
    We’re lucky here in Columbia to have a much smaller garden area. Shelter Gardens had created waterfalls and “natural” fishponds, along with “natural” woodlands along with some beautiful formal areas, such as rose gardens and a scented garden. Not the scale that Shaw’s gardens have, but much more romantic than what I remember from my last St. Louis visit.

    Reply
  12. I too prefer the natural look. I am not sure I have ever achieved it in may back yard (it CAN be done, but not by me.) But I grew up with it in several parts of the Missouri Botanical Gardens. Alas, some parts of Shaw’s garden had reverted to more formal arrangements by the time we returned to Missouri in 1989. The Geodesic Dome area had been a fantasy land of tropical “wilds.” They had turned it into an educational center with much more formality by the time we saw it again. We’ve been home (in Columbia) for 27 years now; but we don’t go back to Shaw’s Garden much. For me the formality of the teaching areas has taken away the romance.
    We’re lucky here in Columbia to have a much smaller garden area. Shelter Gardens had created waterfalls and “natural” fishponds, along with “natural” woodlands along with some beautiful formal areas, such as rose gardens and a scented garden. Not the scale that Shaw’s gardens have, but much more romantic than what I remember from my last St. Louis visit.

    Reply
  13. I too prefer the natural look. I am not sure I have ever achieved it in may back yard (it CAN be done, but not by me.) But I grew up with it in several parts of the Missouri Botanical Gardens. Alas, some parts of Shaw’s garden had reverted to more formal arrangements by the time we returned to Missouri in 1989. The Geodesic Dome area had been a fantasy land of tropical “wilds.” They had turned it into an educational center with much more formality by the time we saw it again. We’ve been home (in Columbia) for 27 years now; but we don’t go back to Shaw’s Garden much. For me the formality of the teaching areas has taken away the romance.
    We’re lucky here in Columbia to have a much smaller garden area. Shelter Gardens had created waterfalls and “natural” fishponds, along with “natural” woodlands along with some beautiful formal areas, such as rose gardens and a scented garden. Not the scale that Shaw’s gardens have, but much more romantic than what I remember from my last St. Louis visit.

    Reply
  14. I too prefer the natural look. I am not sure I have ever achieved it in may back yard (it CAN be done, but not by me.) But I grew up with it in several parts of the Missouri Botanical Gardens. Alas, some parts of Shaw’s garden had reverted to more formal arrangements by the time we returned to Missouri in 1989. The Geodesic Dome area had been a fantasy land of tropical “wilds.” They had turned it into an educational center with much more formality by the time we saw it again. We’ve been home (in Columbia) for 27 years now; but we don’t go back to Shaw’s Garden much. For me the formality of the teaching areas has taken away the romance.
    We’re lucky here in Columbia to have a much smaller garden area. Shelter Gardens had created waterfalls and “natural” fishponds, along with “natural” woodlands along with some beautiful formal areas, such as rose gardens and a scented garden. Not the scale that Shaw’s gardens have, but much more romantic than what I remember from my last St. Louis visit.

    Reply
  15. I too prefer the natural look. I am not sure I have ever achieved it in may back yard (it CAN be done, but not by me.) But I grew up with it in several parts of the Missouri Botanical Gardens. Alas, some parts of Shaw’s garden had reverted to more formal arrangements by the time we returned to Missouri in 1989. The Geodesic Dome area had been a fantasy land of tropical “wilds.” They had turned it into an educational center with much more formality by the time we saw it again. We’ve been home (in Columbia) for 27 years now; but we don’t go back to Shaw’s Garden much. For me the formality of the teaching areas has taken away the romance.
    We’re lucky here in Columbia to have a much smaller garden area. Shelter Gardens had created waterfalls and “natural” fishponds, along with “natural” woodlands along with some beautiful formal areas, such as rose gardens and a scented garden. Not the scale that Shaw’s gardens have, but much more romantic than what I remember from my last St. Louis visit.

    Reply
  16. I adore Gertrude Jekyll’s flower borders, and once toyed with the idea of creating something similar, but on a smaller scale in my much smaller garden. Then I realized how much work is involved. At this point in my life, I’ll settle for admiring “natural” landscapes in places like Central Park.

    Reply
  17. I adore Gertrude Jekyll’s flower borders, and once toyed with the idea of creating something similar, but on a smaller scale in my much smaller garden. Then I realized how much work is involved. At this point in my life, I’ll settle for admiring “natural” landscapes in places like Central Park.

    Reply
  18. I adore Gertrude Jekyll’s flower borders, and once toyed with the idea of creating something similar, but on a smaller scale in my much smaller garden. Then I realized how much work is involved. At this point in my life, I’ll settle for admiring “natural” landscapes in places like Central Park.

    Reply
  19. I adore Gertrude Jekyll’s flower borders, and once toyed with the idea of creating something similar, but on a smaller scale in my much smaller garden. Then I realized how much work is involved. At this point in my life, I’ll settle for admiring “natural” landscapes in places like Central Park.

    Reply
  20. I adore Gertrude Jekyll’s flower borders, and once toyed with the idea of creating something similar, but on a smaller scale in my much smaller garden. Then I realized how much work is involved. At this point in my life, I’ll settle for admiring “natural” landscapes in places like Central Park.

    Reply
  21. BBC just had a story on Capability Brown last night. (I haven’t checked to see if they have a podcast or not.) The most interesting part is that someone’s (had a title) archivist brought them the plans for the garden that had just been shoved in a drawer somewhere. The family history said that Capability Brown had created the gardens/landscape, but there was no proof. Now they had it in drawings and notes. So they are now completing his design several hundred years later. I’m to visit one castle where he did some work in a couple of weeks.

    Reply
  22. BBC just had a story on Capability Brown last night. (I haven’t checked to see if they have a podcast or not.) The most interesting part is that someone’s (had a title) archivist brought them the plans for the garden that had just been shoved in a drawer somewhere. The family history said that Capability Brown had created the gardens/landscape, but there was no proof. Now they had it in drawings and notes. So they are now completing his design several hundred years later. I’m to visit one castle where he did some work in a couple of weeks.

    Reply
  23. BBC just had a story on Capability Brown last night. (I haven’t checked to see if they have a podcast or not.) The most interesting part is that someone’s (had a title) archivist brought them the plans for the garden that had just been shoved in a drawer somewhere. The family history said that Capability Brown had created the gardens/landscape, but there was no proof. Now they had it in drawings and notes. So they are now completing his design several hundred years later. I’m to visit one castle where he did some work in a couple of weeks.

    Reply
  24. BBC just had a story on Capability Brown last night. (I haven’t checked to see if they have a podcast or not.) The most interesting part is that someone’s (had a title) archivist brought them the plans for the garden that had just been shoved in a drawer somewhere. The family history said that Capability Brown had created the gardens/landscape, but there was no proof. Now they had it in drawings and notes. So they are now completing his design several hundred years later. I’m to visit one castle where he did some work in a couple of weeks.

    Reply
  25. BBC just had a story on Capability Brown last night. (I haven’t checked to see if they have a podcast or not.) The most interesting part is that someone’s (had a title) archivist brought them the plans for the garden that had just been shoved in a drawer somewhere. The family history said that Capability Brown had created the gardens/landscape, but there was no proof. Now they had it in drawings and notes. So they are now completing his design several hundred years later. I’m to visit one castle where he did some work in a couple of weeks.

    Reply
  26. Keep us updated, Shannon. I’d love to hear about the Capability Brown gardens. I love visiting the English gardens. The last ones were Kew Gardens, Anglesey Abby, Wimpole House, Ickworth this past year. Maybe I can plan another trip with just gardens!!!!!!

    Reply
  27. Keep us updated, Shannon. I’d love to hear about the Capability Brown gardens. I love visiting the English gardens. The last ones were Kew Gardens, Anglesey Abby, Wimpole House, Ickworth this past year. Maybe I can plan another trip with just gardens!!!!!!

    Reply
  28. Keep us updated, Shannon. I’d love to hear about the Capability Brown gardens. I love visiting the English gardens. The last ones were Kew Gardens, Anglesey Abby, Wimpole House, Ickworth this past year. Maybe I can plan another trip with just gardens!!!!!!

    Reply
  29. Keep us updated, Shannon. I’d love to hear about the Capability Brown gardens. I love visiting the English gardens. The last ones were Kew Gardens, Anglesey Abby, Wimpole House, Ickworth this past year. Maybe I can plan another trip with just gardens!!!!!!

    Reply
  30. Keep us updated, Shannon. I’d love to hear about the Capability Brown gardens. I love visiting the English gardens. The last ones were Kew Gardens, Anglesey Abby, Wimpole House, Ickworth this past year. Maybe I can plan another trip with just gardens!!!!!!

    Reply
  31. Love the natural look. Though if you have a huge garden at home and leave it all “natural” it does indeed take a lot of work to make it seem effortless.
    If you choose the right plants it is a tad easier but…there is still all that staking, pruning, planning.
    A tiny bit of formal is fine in a huge garden but everything formal in small one just seems forced (to me) since I’m not a formal kind of person.
    Though I know those with OCD tend to have more regimented gardens because they can’t help themselves. I have a friend that if she puts in a plant that is the slightest bit off center of her vision of where it should be, it will drive her crazy until the end of the season if it is an annual. Frequently, if it is a perennial, after a few weeks she just goes ahead, digs it up and resituates it. Bless her little heart.
    Cottage garden/natural garden looks at home are much easier to achieve if you have the throw it in the ground and I’m done mentality.

    Reply
  32. Love the natural look. Though if you have a huge garden at home and leave it all “natural” it does indeed take a lot of work to make it seem effortless.
    If you choose the right plants it is a tad easier but…there is still all that staking, pruning, planning.
    A tiny bit of formal is fine in a huge garden but everything formal in small one just seems forced (to me) since I’m not a formal kind of person.
    Though I know those with OCD tend to have more regimented gardens because they can’t help themselves. I have a friend that if she puts in a plant that is the slightest bit off center of her vision of where it should be, it will drive her crazy until the end of the season if it is an annual. Frequently, if it is a perennial, after a few weeks she just goes ahead, digs it up and resituates it. Bless her little heart.
    Cottage garden/natural garden looks at home are much easier to achieve if you have the throw it in the ground and I’m done mentality.

    Reply
  33. Love the natural look. Though if you have a huge garden at home and leave it all “natural” it does indeed take a lot of work to make it seem effortless.
    If you choose the right plants it is a tad easier but…there is still all that staking, pruning, planning.
    A tiny bit of formal is fine in a huge garden but everything formal in small one just seems forced (to me) since I’m not a formal kind of person.
    Though I know those with OCD tend to have more regimented gardens because they can’t help themselves. I have a friend that if she puts in a plant that is the slightest bit off center of her vision of where it should be, it will drive her crazy until the end of the season if it is an annual. Frequently, if it is a perennial, after a few weeks she just goes ahead, digs it up and resituates it. Bless her little heart.
    Cottage garden/natural garden looks at home are much easier to achieve if you have the throw it in the ground and I’m done mentality.

    Reply
  34. Love the natural look. Though if you have a huge garden at home and leave it all “natural” it does indeed take a lot of work to make it seem effortless.
    If you choose the right plants it is a tad easier but…there is still all that staking, pruning, planning.
    A tiny bit of formal is fine in a huge garden but everything formal in small one just seems forced (to me) since I’m not a formal kind of person.
    Though I know those with OCD tend to have more regimented gardens because they can’t help themselves. I have a friend that if she puts in a plant that is the slightest bit off center of her vision of where it should be, it will drive her crazy until the end of the season if it is an annual. Frequently, if it is a perennial, after a few weeks she just goes ahead, digs it up and resituates it. Bless her little heart.
    Cottage garden/natural garden looks at home are much easier to achieve if you have the throw it in the ground and I’m done mentality.

    Reply
  35. Love the natural look. Though if you have a huge garden at home and leave it all “natural” it does indeed take a lot of work to make it seem effortless.
    If you choose the right plants it is a tad easier but…there is still all that staking, pruning, planning.
    A tiny bit of formal is fine in a huge garden but everything formal in small one just seems forced (to me) since I’m not a formal kind of person.
    Though I know those with OCD tend to have more regimented gardens because they can’t help themselves. I have a friend that if she puts in a plant that is the slightest bit off center of her vision of where it should be, it will drive her crazy until the end of the season if it is an annual. Frequently, if it is a perennial, after a few weeks she just goes ahead, digs it up and resituates it. Bless her little heart.
    Cottage garden/natural garden looks at home are much easier to achieve if you have the throw it in the ground and I’m done mentality.

    Reply
  36. Sue, the Romantic movement had a huge influence on English garden design. A return to Nature—or a carefully cultivated appearance of wildness—became the model. And less formal strictures appealed to the new individualism.
    I’m like you—I’d much rather spend time in a place that feels natural, even though it may have been created by an architect. That’s not to say I don’t admire formal layouts, but I just respond more emotionally to a less cultivated look.

    Reply
  37. Sue, the Romantic movement had a huge influence on English garden design. A return to Nature—or a carefully cultivated appearance of wildness—became the model. And less formal strictures appealed to the new individualism.
    I’m like you—I’d much rather spend time in a place that feels natural, even though it may have been created by an architect. That’s not to say I don’t admire formal layouts, but I just respond more emotionally to a less cultivated look.

    Reply
  38. Sue, the Romantic movement had a huge influence on English garden design. A return to Nature—or a carefully cultivated appearance of wildness—became the model. And less formal strictures appealed to the new individualism.
    I’m like you—I’d much rather spend time in a place that feels natural, even though it may have been created by an architect. That’s not to say I don’t admire formal layouts, but I just respond more emotionally to a less cultivated look.

    Reply
  39. Sue, the Romantic movement had a huge influence on English garden design. A return to Nature—or a carefully cultivated appearance of wildness—became the model. And less formal strictures appealed to the new individualism.
    I’m like you—I’d much rather spend time in a place that feels natural, even though it may have been created by an architect. That’s not to say I don’t admire formal layouts, but I just respond more emotionally to a less cultivated look.

    Reply
  40. Sue, the Romantic movement had a huge influence on English garden design. A return to Nature—or a carefully cultivated appearance of wildness—became the model. And less formal strictures appealed to the new individualism.
    I’m like you—I’d much rather spend time in a place that feels natural, even though it may have been created by an architect. That’s not to say I don’t admire formal layouts, but I just respond more emotionally to a less cultivated look.

    Reply
  41. Central Park has some lovely areas!
    And you’re so right—gardening takes a LOT of time and work. I realized pretty quickly that it’s a hard passion to have on top of writing, and besides, I just didn’t have the patience for it. I have some nice planters . .. but that’s the extent of my green thumb!

    Reply
  42. Central Park has some lovely areas!
    And you’re so right—gardening takes a LOT of time and work. I realized pretty quickly that it’s a hard passion to have on top of writing, and besides, I just didn’t have the patience for it. I have some nice planters . .. but that’s the extent of my green thumb!

    Reply
  43. Central Park has some lovely areas!
    And you’re so right—gardening takes a LOT of time and work. I realized pretty quickly that it’s a hard passion to have on top of writing, and besides, I just didn’t have the patience for it. I have some nice planters . .. but that’s the extent of my green thumb!

    Reply
  44. Central Park has some lovely areas!
    And you’re so right—gardening takes a LOT of time and work. I realized pretty quickly that it’s a hard passion to have on top of writing, and besides, I just didn’t have the patience for it. I have some nice planters . .. but that’s the extent of my green thumb!

    Reply
  45. Central Park has some lovely areas!
    And you’re so right—gardening takes a LOT of time and work. I realized pretty quickly that it’s a hard passion to have on top of writing, and besides, I just didn’t have the patience for it. I have some nice planters . .. but that’s the extent of my green thumb!

    Reply
  46. Oh,lucky you Shannon!
    I visited Stoke Park, outside of London, which has sections designed by Capability Brown.It was wonderful to see the vistas.
    What a great story about finding the sketches, and now having the chance to recreate the design. It makes you wonder about all the hidden treasures, like manuscripts and painting and prints, that are still in drawers and attics!

    Reply
  47. Oh,lucky you Shannon!
    I visited Stoke Park, outside of London, which has sections designed by Capability Brown.It was wonderful to see the vistas.
    What a great story about finding the sketches, and now having the chance to recreate the design. It makes you wonder about all the hidden treasures, like manuscripts and painting and prints, that are still in drawers and attics!

    Reply
  48. Oh,lucky you Shannon!
    I visited Stoke Park, outside of London, which has sections designed by Capability Brown.It was wonderful to see the vistas.
    What a great story about finding the sketches, and now having the chance to recreate the design. It makes you wonder about all the hidden treasures, like manuscripts and painting and prints, that are still in drawers and attics!

    Reply
  49. Oh,lucky you Shannon!
    I visited Stoke Park, outside of London, which has sections designed by Capability Brown.It was wonderful to see the vistas.
    What a great story about finding the sketches, and now having the chance to recreate the design. It makes you wonder about all the hidden treasures, like manuscripts and painting and prints, that are still in drawers and attics!

    Reply
  50. Oh,lucky you Shannon!
    I visited Stoke Park, outside of London, which has sections designed by Capability Brown.It was wonderful to see the vistas.
    What a great story about finding the sketches, and now having the chance to recreate the design. It makes you wonder about all the hidden treasures, like manuscripts and painting and prints, that are still in drawers and attics!

    Reply
  51. Ha—make it look effortless is right! It’s a huge amount of work to maintain a garden. I know a lot of people find it relaxing, but I start getting antsy to be back at my desk writing. I love the results of gardening, but just don’t have the temperament for it.
    LOL at your perfectionist friend! Nature is not made for perfection—or rather perfect symettry.

    Reply
  52. Ha—make it look effortless is right! It’s a huge amount of work to maintain a garden. I know a lot of people find it relaxing, but I start getting antsy to be back at my desk writing. I love the results of gardening, but just don’t have the temperament for it.
    LOL at your perfectionist friend! Nature is not made for perfection—or rather perfect symettry.

    Reply
  53. Ha—make it look effortless is right! It’s a huge amount of work to maintain a garden. I know a lot of people find it relaxing, but I start getting antsy to be back at my desk writing. I love the results of gardening, but just don’t have the temperament for it.
    LOL at your perfectionist friend! Nature is not made for perfection—or rather perfect symettry.

    Reply
  54. Ha—make it look effortless is right! It’s a huge amount of work to maintain a garden. I know a lot of people find it relaxing, but I start getting antsy to be back at my desk writing. I love the results of gardening, but just don’t have the temperament for it.
    LOL at your perfectionist friend! Nature is not made for perfection—or rather perfect symettry.

    Reply
  55. Ha—make it look effortless is right! It’s a huge amount of work to maintain a garden. I know a lot of people find it relaxing, but I start getting antsy to be back at my desk writing. I love the results of gardening, but just don’t have the temperament for it.
    LOL at your perfectionist friend! Nature is not made for perfection—or rather perfect symettry.

    Reply

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