Perfume Unmasked

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Pat here: As I may have said before, one of the fun parts of writing historical novels is the dive down research bunny holes. I’ve just spent a lovely few hours scrounging around in the insane details of British law, how magistrates were appointed and criminals brought to court, when there was essentially no police force in rural environs. And along with that, I followed a side trail into manorial law, an entire blog by itself. Suffice it to say, my hero, as heir to a manorial estate, is a law unto himself. He doesn’t like it much, though.
(above photo is manor and accompanying village–not quite the one I imagine as I write but pretty anyway. See the manor way in the background?)

512px-Perfume_set_from_Sovjetunio_cca_1965But that’s all readers really want to know about complicated legal procedures—the fun bits that make a story come alive. So instead of boring law books, I’ll waft some perfume your way. Mind you, it’s gonna stink.

In my search for a ghostly perfume to haunt my manor’s halls, I have learned that the Egyptians and Arabs were using perfumes as early as 3000 BC, so the entire world had them soon after. Apparently, the need to cover stenches dates back to the beginning of time.

Of course, most of those “perfumes” would have been used in burning oils for ritual purposes. And as always, wealthy people would have them to show off, wafting expensive scents in their private quarters. I assume, at the time, these weren’t much more than burning incense. The Egyptians knew how to store fragrance in fat but not how to distill it.

Fast forward to the 1300s, where essential oils from citrus and spices were added to alcohol and became known as Hungary Water, since it was made for Queen Elizabeth of Hungary. The original concoction blended lemon, orange blossoms, thyme, and rosemary. Some form of that would still be available in the Regency era, the time period I’m working with, but wafting the scent of Hungary Water doesn't have quite the exotic flavor I need. 1024px-PSM_V51_D392_Ancient_still_for_extraction_of_essential_oils_and_perfumes

Johann Maria Farina of Italy created the first cologne in 1709, one with notes of lemon, orange, tangerine, neroli, and lavender. It’s still in use today, so it was certainly recognizable in the Regency era, but cologne is way too mild to linger on clothing decades later.

So I kept digging. I knew the French loved perfume, which is why I’d settled on fragrance to declare the presence of my deceased French-born viscountess. Once Hungary Water started scenting the courts of Europe, France became a hive of perfume production. Perfumers went to extraordinary lengths to please the court, if only because perfume and cologne became a substitute for daily washing. Just splash some on and you were good for the day, I guess. Distilling was developed by this time, and entire rooms could be scented to cover up the overall stench of sewage, musty medieval halls, and sweaty flesh.

Then the French revolution came along and the sans culottes put an end to such luxuries for a while. But once Napoleon became emperor, he obsessively used Farina’s cologne (think he had a body odor problem?), so the race was on again. He loved cologne so much that he even drank it! Ugh, ptui. But I guess alcohol is alcohol…

The emperor’s wife, Josephine, was the reason the French trended toward the heavier fragrances like patchouli, scents Pogostemon_cablin_001from her youth in Martinique. The leaves of patchouli were used as an insect repellent shipped with silks and cashmere that Napoleon imported from Asia. Every time a woman fluttered her shawl, she fluttered patchouli with it. With perfumers desperate for the latest fragrance, the scent ended up in French perfumes. It caught on, along with exotic Asian spices. I really want to use patchouli for my French viscountess, but it didn’t become popular until 1837. Now I either have to make up a back story for a  ghost or find something else. So I kept digging.

What really made French fragrances. . . powerful. . . was musk. Musk comes from the Tibetan musk deer. Since it takes 140 deer to make a kilo of perfume, the deer eventually became endangered. Today, artificial forms are used, but that wasn’t a concern to my Regency era folk. The scent originated in India and traveled to Greece in the 6th century, following the Asian spice trails. No one knows who first thought stinky ammonia poo smell could make a perfume. One can certainly 512px-Primary_Form_of_Muskunderstand it being used in the Middle Ages to drive away demons—the odor is strong and lasts forever.

Musk’s reputation as an aphrodisiac may have been the reason perfumers resisted their natural instinct to dump the stuff down the drain. Whatever the inspiration, French perfumers began playing with distillations, letting the musk glands soak in various liquids before mixing it into their Hungary Water or whatever. And voila, we have the heavy musky flowery fragrances of French perfume that my viscountess might have used.

Except it’s a lot easier to say the scent of patchouli wafted through the room. Musk. . . ugh. So I’m still digging.

Do you have a favorite perfume? I used to wear Opium until I developed an allergy to all fragrances and had to throw out everything, including cleaning products with fragrances. What scent would you like my French viscountess to bathe in? What would haunt you if you smelled it?

Rice_ThePrismEffect_600Promo reminder: The Prism Effect, the sixth book in my Psychic Solutions Mysteries series is out on the 21st and is available as a pre-order. Romance, mystery, a poltergeist, an animal psychic, and a wedding… what more can you ask?

135 thoughts on “Perfume Unmasked”

  1. I don’t wear fragrance either, Pat.
    What about bergamot for your French viscountess? From Wikipedia, “Historically, bergamot essential oil was an ingredient in Eau de Cologne, a perfume originally concocted by Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century.[6] The first record of bergamot oil used as a fragrance in perfume is from 1714, found in the Farina Archive in Cologne.[7]”

    Reply
  2. I don’t wear fragrance either, Pat.
    What about bergamot for your French viscountess? From Wikipedia, “Historically, bergamot essential oil was an ingredient in Eau de Cologne, a perfume originally concocted by Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century.[6] The first record of bergamot oil used as a fragrance in perfume is from 1714, found in the Farina Archive in Cologne.[7]”

    Reply
  3. I don’t wear fragrance either, Pat.
    What about bergamot for your French viscountess? From Wikipedia, “Historically, bergamot essential oil was an ingredient in Eau de Cologne, a perfume originally concocted by Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century.[6] The first record of bergamot oil used as a fragrance in perfume is from 1714, found in the Farina Archive in Cologne.[7]”

    Reply
  4. I don’t wear fragrance either, Pat.
    What about bergamot for your French viscountess? From Wikipedia, “Historically, bergamot essential oil was an ingredient in Eau de Cologne, a perfume originally concocted by Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century.[6] The first record of bergamot oil used as a fragrance in perfume is from 1714, found in the Farina Archive in Cologne.[7]”

    Reply
  5. I don’t wear fragrance either, Pat.
    What about bergamot for your French viscountess? From Wikipedia, “Historically, bergamot essential oil was an ingredient in Eau de Cologne, a perfume originally concocted by Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century.[6] The first record of bergamot oil used as a fragrance in perfume is from 1714, found in the Farina Archive in Cologne.[7]”

    Reply
  6. Have you thought if attar of roses perhaps?It’s history goes back to ancient Persia and has a sweet musky scent. It would be strong enough to linger.
    Just to mention law.I am a retired criminal lawyer and I can remember being horrified as a student to learn that until the late 1800s a defendant in a criminal trial in England had no right to give evidence in court in his own defence, a decade later than that other step towards natural justice, the Married Women’s Property Act.

    Reply
  7. Have you thought if attar of roses perhaps?It’s history goes back to ancient Persia and has a sweet musky scent. It would be strong enough to linger.
    Just to mention law.I am a retired criminal lawyer and I can remember being horrified as a student to learn that until the late 1800s a defendant in a criminal trial in England had no right to give evidence in court in his own defence, a decade later than that other step towards natural justice, the Married Women’s Property Act.

    Reply
  8. Have you thought if attar of roses perhaps?It’s history goes back to ancient Persia and has a sweet musky scent. It would be strong enough to linger.
    Just to mention law.I am a retired criminal lawyer and I can remember being horrified as a student to learn that until the late 1800s a defendant in a criminal trial in England had no right to give evidence in court in his own defence, a decade later than that other step towards natural justice, the Married Women’s Property Act.

    Reply
  9. Have you thought if attar of roses perhaps?It’s history goes back to ancient Persia and has a sweet musky scent. It would be strong enough to linger.
    Just to mention law.I am a retired criminal lawyer and I can remember being horrified as a student to learn that until the late 1800s a defendant in a criminal trial in England had no right to give evidence in court in his own defence, a decade later than that other step towards natural justice, the Married Women’s Property Act.

    Reply
  10. Have you thought if attar of roses perhaps?It’s history goes back to ancient Persia and has a sweet musky scent. It would be strong enough to linger.
    Just to mention law.I am a retired criminal lawyer and I can remember being horrified as a student to learn that until the late 1800s a defendant in a criminal trial in England had no right to give evidence in court in his own defence, a decade later than that other step towards natural justice, the Married Women’s Property Act.

    Reply
  11. Laughing at Constance’s reply, which was kinda my reaction when I read Farina’s formula. Words are funny. If we associate tea with bergamot, would the word convey perfume or tea?

    Reply
  12. Laughing at Constance’s reply, which was kinda my reaction when I read Farina’s formula. Words are funny. If we associate tea with bergamot, would the word convey perfume or tea?

    Reply
  13. Laughing at Constance’s reply, which was kinda my reaction when I read Farina’s formula. Words are funny. If we associate tea with bergamot, would the word convey perfume or tea?

    Reply
  14. Laughing at Constance’s reply, which was kinda my reaction when I read Farina’s formula. Words are funny. If we associate tea with bergamot, would the word convey perfume or tea?

    Reply
  15. Laughing at Constance’s reply, which was kinda my reaction when I read Farina’s formula. Words are funny. If we associate tea with bergamot, would the word convey perfume or tea?

    Reply
  16. attar of roses was pretty common, so I don’t know if it would be distinctive enough to evoke a ghost. Since she’s only a figment of imagination in these first books, I don’t know why I’m doing this to myself.
    English law up until the 1900s is horrifying inside and out. Part of the original problem was that no lord wanted a standing army on his property, so policemen were a rarity outside the city. Every man to himself… and yes, old white men ruled and women were chattel

    Reply
  17. attar of roses was pretty common, so I don’t know if it would be distinctive enough to evoke a ghost. Since she’s only a figment of imagination in these first books, I don’t know why I’m doing this to myself.
    English law up until the 1900s is horrifying inside and out. Part of the original problem was that no lord wanted a standing army on his property, so policemen were a rarity outside the city. Every man to himself… and yes, old white men ruled and women were chattel

    Reply
  18. attar of roses was pretty common, so I don’t know if it would be distinctive enough to evoke a ghost. Since she’s only a figment of imagination in these first books, I don’t know why I’m doing this to myself.
    English law up until the 1900s is horrifying inside and out. Part of the original problem was that no lord wanted a standing army on his property, so policemen were a rarity outside the city. Every man to himself… and yes, old white men ruled and women were chattel

    Reply
  19. attar of roses was pretty common, so I don’t know if it would be distinctive enough to evoke a ghost. Since she’s only a figment of imagination in these first books, I don’t know why I’m doing this to myself.
    English law up until the 1900s is horrifying inside and out. Part of the original problem was that no lord wanted a standing army on his property, so policemen were a rarity outside the city. Every man to himself… and yes, old white men ruled and women were chattel

    Reply
  20. attar of roses was pretty common, so I don’t know if it would be distinctive enough to evoke a ghost. Since she’s only a figment of imagination in these first books, I don’t know why I’m doing this to myself.
    English law up until the 1900s is horrifying inside and out. Part of the original problem was that no lord wanted a standing army on his property, so policemen were a rarity outside the city. Every man to himself… and yes, old white men ruled and women were chattel

    Reply
  21. Honeysuckle is a scent that is capable of hanging around. And lilac is also a very distinctive scent. I think that a scent from a certain flower would be easy to identify as a scent a certain woman liked and enjoyed.
    And I guess that ugly furry ball in the picture is normally attached to a musk deer?
    Thanks for the interesting post.
    And isn’t it interesting that so many cultures were based on men being wise and always right?

    Reply
  22. Honeysuckle is a scent that is capable of hanging around. And lilac is also a very distinctive scent. I think that a scent from a certain flower would be easy to identify as a scent a certain woman liked and enjoyed.
    And I guess that ugly furry ball in the picture is normally attached to a musk deer?
    Thanks for the interesting post.
    And isn’t it interesting that so many cultures were based on men being wise and always right?

    Reply
  23. Honeysuckle is a scent that is capable of hanging around. And lilac is also a very distinctive scent. I think that a scent from a certain flower would be easy to identify as a scent a certain woman liked and enjoyed.
    And I guess that ugly furry ball in the picture is normally attached to a musk deer?
    Thanks for the interesting post.
    And isn’t it interesting that so many cultures were based on men being wise and always right?

    Reply
  24. Honeysuckle is a scent that is capable of hanging around. And lilac is also a very distinctive scent. I think that a scent from a certain flower would be easy to identify as a scent a certain woman liked and enjoyed.
    And I guess that ugly furry ball in the picture is normally attached to a musk deer?
    Thanks for the interesting post.
    And isn’t it interesting that so many cultures were based on men being wise and always right?

    Reply
  25. Honeysuckle is a scent that is capable of hanging around. And lilac is also a very distinctive scent. I think that a scent from a certain flower would be easy to identify as a scent a certain woman liked and enjoyed.
    And I guess that ugly furry ball in the picture is normally attached to a musk deer?
    Thanks for the interesting post.
    And isn’t it interesting that so many cultures were based on men being wise and always right?

    Reply
  26. I have a lot of women running around wearing different flower scents, which would mostly be cologne at this point. I’m probably being too picky. Wouldn’t be the first time.
    Yup, that’s the part of the deer they distill. Lovely, hmm?

    Reply
  27. I have a lot of women running around wearing different flower scents, which would mostly be cologne at this point. I’m probably being too picky. Wouldn’t be the first time.
    Yup, that’s the part of the deer they distill. Lovely, hmm?

    Reply
  28. I have a lot of women running around wearing different flower scents, which would mostly be cologne at this point. I’m probably being too picky. Wouldn’t be the first time.
    Yup, that’s the part of the deer they distill. Lovely, hmm?

    Reply
  29. I have a lot of women running around wearing different flower scents, which would mostly be cologne at this point. I’m probably being too picky. Wouldn’t be the first time.
    Yup, that’s the part of the deer they distill. Lovely, hmm?

    Reply
  30. I have a lot of women running around wearing different flower scents, which would mostly be cologne at this point. I’m probably being too picky. Wouldn’t be the first time.
    Yup, that’s the part of the deer they distill. Lovely, hmm?

    Reply
  31. This was a really interesting post. I don’t wear a lot of perfume only when I go out, which isn’t very often. My favourite is, ironically Pat, called Ghost. There are a few different ones in the collection but Midnight is my absolute favourite. My sister-in-law gave me a bottle as a present some years ago and I’ve been using it since.

    Reply
  32. This was a really interesting post. I don’t wear a lot of perfume only when I go out, which isn’t very often. My favourite is, ironically Pat, called Ghost. There are a few different ones in the collection but Midnight is my absolute favourite. My sister-in-law gave me a bottle as a present some years ago and I’ve been using it since.

    Reply
  33. This was a really interesting post. I don’t wear a lot of perfume only when I go out, which isn’t very often. My favourite is, ironically Pat, called Ghost. There are a few different ones in the collection but Midnight is my absolute favourite. My sister-in-law gave me a bottle as a present some years ago and I’ve been using it since.

    Reply
  34. This was a really interesting post. I don’t wear a lot of perfume only when I go out, which isn’t very often. My favourite is, ironically Pat, called Ghost. There are a few different ones in the collection but Midnight is my absolute favourite. My sister-in-law gave me a bottle as a present some years ago and I’ve been using it since.

    Reply
  35. This was a really interesting post. I don’t wear a lot of perfume only when I go out, which isn’t very often. My favourite is, ironically Pat, called Ghost. There are a few different ones in the collection but Midnight is my absolute favourite. My sister-in-law gave me a bottle as a present some years ago and I’ve been using it since.

    Reply
  36. Oud has been used for incense and perfume for a very long time in the Middle East. It’s not as pungent as patchouli, but kind of woodsy smelling. I don’t know if it’s feminine enough for your ghost. But it’s very exotic and expensive to buy the real thing.
    I am not much of a perfume user myself, strong scents bother me. The only one my mother used was 4711 Eau de Cologne, which has been made in Cologne, Germany since the late 1700’s. It’s a unisex fragrance, my father also used it occasionally as an aftershave cologne.

    Reply
  37. Oud has been used for incense and perfume for a very long time in the Middle East. It’s not as pungent as patchouli, but kind of woodsy smelling. I don’t know if it’s feminine enough for your ghost. But it’s very exotic and expensive to buy the real thing.
    I am not much of a perfume user myself, strong scents bother me. The only one my mother used was 4711 Eau de Cologne, which has been made in Cologne, Germany since the late 1700’s. It’s a unisex fragrance, my father also used it occasionally as an aftershave cologne.

    Reply
  38. Oud has been used for incense and perfume for a very long time in the Middle East. It’s not as pungent as patchouli, but kind of woodsy smelling. I don’t know if it’s feminine enough for your ghost. But it’s very exotic and expensive to buy the real thing.
    I am not much of a perfume user myself, strong scents bother me. The only one my mother used was 4711 Eau de Cologne, which has been made in Cologne, Germany since the late 1700’s. It’s a unisex fragrance, my father also used it occasionally as an aftershave cologne.

    Reply
  39. Oud has been used for incense and perfume for a very long time in the Middle East. It’s not as pungent as patchouli, but kind of woodsy smelling. I don’t know if it’s feminine enough for your ghost. But it’s very exotic and expensive to buy the real thing.
    I am not much of a perfume user myself, strong scents bother me. The only one my mother used was 4711 Eau de Cologne, which has been made in Cologne, Germany since the late 1700’s. It’s a unisex fragrance, my father also used it occasionally as an aftershave cologne.

    Reply
  40. Oud has been used for incense and perfume for a very long time in the Middle East. It’s not as pungent as patchouli, but kind of woodsy smelling. I don’t know if it’s feminine enough for your ghost. But it’s very exotic and expensive to buy the real thing.
    I am not much of a perfume user myself, strong scents bother me. The only one my mother used was 4711 Eau de Cologne, which has been made in Cologne, Germany since the late 1700’s. It’s a unisex fragrance, my father also used it occasionally as an aftershave cologne.

    Reply
  41. Your household may well have bowls of potpourri placed around, and the ghostly fragrance could be a special recipe that was heavy on one herb or spice—cloves? orange peel? lavender? And lavender and rosemary were frequently tucked in drawers and chests to keel clothes and linens fresh and moth-free.
    How long has the ghostly perfume been hanging around? Could it be from the herbs that were strewn on the floor in medieval and renaissance times?

    Reply
  42. Your household may well have bowls of potpourri placed around, and the ghostly fragrance could be a special recipe that was heavy on one herb or spice—cloves? orange peel? lavender? And lavender and rosemary were frequently tucked in drawers and chests to keel clothes and linens fresh and moth-free.
    How long has the ghostly perfume been hanging around? Could it be from the herbs that were strewn on the floor in medieval and renaissance times?

    Reply
  43. Your household may well have bowls of potpourri placed around, and the ghostly fragrance could be a special recipe that was heavy on one herb or spice—cloves? orange peel? lavender? And lavender and rosemary were frequently tucked in drawers and chests to keel clothes and linens fresh and moth-free.
    How long has the ghostly perfume been hanging around? Could it be from the herbs that were strewn on the floor in medieval and renaissance times?

    Reply
  44. Your household may well have bowls of potpourri placed around, and the ghostly fragrance could be a special recipe that was heavy on one herb or spice—cloves? orange peel? lavender? And lavender and rosemary were frequently tucked in drawers and chests to keel clothes and linens fresh and moth-free.
    How long has the ghostly perfume been hanging around? Could it be from the herbs that were strewn on the floor in medieval and renaissance times?

    Reply
  45. Your household may well have bowls of potpourri placed around, and the ghostly fragrance could be a special recipe that was heavy on one herb or spice—cloves? orange peel? lavender? And lavender and rosemary were frequently tucked in drawers and chests to keel clothes and linens fresh and moth-free.
    How long has the ghostly perfume been hanging around? Could it be from the herbs that were strewn on the floor in medieval and renaissance times?

    Reply
  46. my viscountess died in 1800, so it doesn’t need to linger more than 15 years. It’s the writing of it that’s tricky. “The ghostly potpourri lingered in the air…” “The ghostly lavender and orange peel…” and on top of that, the current residents need to recognize it, although they’re fairly well traveled and likely to recognize French and Egyptian/Indian spices, up to a point. Chinese is tougher for me to pull off. So recognizable and available and nice to waft through the writing… I don’t ask much.

    Reply
  47. my viscountess died in 1800, so it doesn’t need to linger more than 15 years. It’s the writing of it that’s tricky. “The ghostly potpourri lingered in the air…” “The ghostly lavender and orange peel…” and on top of that, the current residents need to recognize it, although they’re fairly well traveled and likely to recognize French and Egyptian/Indian spices, up to a point. Chinese is tougher for me to pull off. So recognizable and available and nice to waft through the writing… I don’t ask much.

    Reply
  48. my viscountess died in 1800, so it doesn’t need to linger more than 15 years. It’s the writing of it that’s tricky. “The ghostly potpourri lingered in the air…” “The ghostly lavender and orange peel…” and on top of that, the current residents need to recognize it, although they’re fairly well traveled and likely to recognize French and Egyptian/Indian spices, up to a point. Chinese is tougher for me to pull off. So recognizable and available and nice to waft through the writing… I don’t ask much.

    Reply
  49. my viscountess died in 1800, so it doesn’t need to linger more than 15 years. It’s the writing of it that’s tricky. “The ghostly potpourri lingered in the air…” “The ghostly lavender and orange peel…” and on top of that, the current residents need to recognize it, although they’re fairly well traveled and likely to recognize French and Egyptian/Indian spices, up to a point. Chinese is tougher for me to pull off. So recognizable and available and nice to waft through the writing… I don’t ask much.

    Reply
  50. my viscountess died in 1800, so it doesn’t need to linger more than 15 years. It’s the writing of it that’s tricky. “The ghostly potpourri lingered in the air…” “The ghostly lavender and orange peel…” and on top of that, the current residents need to recognize it, although they’re fairly well traveled and likely to recognize French and Egyptian/Indian spices, up to a point. Chinese is tougher for me to pull off. So recognizable and available and nice to waft through the writing… I don’t ask much.

    Reply
  51. I wouldn’t mind a house that smelled of bergamot or Earl Grey, but I cannot drink the tea. My all-time favorite bath oil was a mix of bergamot, sandalwood and rose, and to this day, Earl Grey tastes like bath oil smells, so doesn’t go down easily!

    Reply
  52. I wouldn’t mind a house that smelled of bergamot or Earl Grey, but I cannot drink the tea. My all-time favorite bath oil was a mix of bergamot, sandalwood and rose, and to this day, Earl Grey tastes like bath oil smells, so doesn’t go down easily!

    Reply
  53. I wouldn’t mind a house that smelled of bergamot or Earl Grey, but I cannot drink the tea. My all-time favorite bath oil was a mix of bergamot, sandalwood and rose, and to this day, Earl Grey tastes like bath oil smells, so doesn’t go down easily!

    Reply
  54. I wouldn’t mind a house that smelled of bergamot or Earl Grey, but I cannot drink the tea. My all-time favorite bath oil was a mix of bergamot, sandalwood and rose, and to this day, Earl Grey tastes like bath oil smells, so doesn’t go down easily!

    Reply
  55. I wouldn’t mind a house that smelled of bergamot or Earl Grey, but I cannot drink the tea. My all-time favorite bath oil was a mix of bergamot, sandalwood and rose, and to this day, Earl Grey tastes like bath oil smells, so doesn’t go down easily!

    Reply
  56. LOL, now you see why I dive down these research bunny holes–they’re fun! But if I keep it up, I’ll have a whole ‘nuther story to write. Maybe not a bad thing, but the ideas do start stacking high…

    Reply
  57. LOL, now you see why I dive down these research bunny holes–they’re fun! But if I keep it up, I’ll have a whole ‘nuther story to write. Maybe not a bad thing, but the ideas do start stacking high…

    Reply
  58. LOL, now you see why I dive down these research bunny holes–they’re fun! But if I keep it up, I’ll have a whole ‘nuther story to write. Maybe not a bad thing, but the ideas do start stacking high…

    Reply
  59. LOL, now you see why I dive down these research bunny holes–they’re fun! But if I keep it up, I’ll have a whole ‘nuther story to write. Maybe not a bad thing, but the ideas do start stacking high…

    Reply
  60. LOL, now you see why I dive down these research bunny holes–they’re fun! But if I keep it up, I’ll have a whole ‘nuther story to write. Maybe not a bad thing, but the ideas do start stacking high…

    Reply
  61. The Carmelite nuns developed Eau des Carmelites in the 14th century. Made from lemon balm, lemon, brandy and cloves, it was a tonic and a toilet water. I use it for my farmer hero in 1818 France [ his mother is into making up old recipes and lotions]. It has a spicy, light fragrance and could suit your ghost.

    Reply
  62. The Carmelite nuns developed Eau des Carmelites in the 14th century. Made from lemon balm, lemon, brandy and cloves, it was a tonic and a toilet water. I use it for my farmer hero in 1818 France [ his mother is into making up old recipes and lotions]. It has a spicy, light fragrance and could suit your ghost.

    Reply
  63. The Carmelite nuns developed Eau des Carmelites in the 14th century. Made from lemon balm, lemon, brandy and cloves, it was a tonic and a toilet water. I use it for my farmer hero in 1818 France [ his mother is into making up old recipes and lotions]. It has a spicy, light fragrance and could suit your ghost.

    Reply
  64. The Carmelite nuns developed Eau des Carmelites in the 14th century. Made from lemon balm, lemon, brandy and cloves, it was a tonic and a toilet water. I use it for my farmer hero in 1818 France [ his mother is into making up old recipes and lotions]. It has a spicy, light fragrance and could suit your ghost.

    Reply
  65. The Carmelite nuns developed Eau des Carmelites in the 14th century. Made from lemon balm, lemon, brandy and cloves, it was a tonic and a toilet water. I use it for my farmer hero in 1818 France [ his mother is into making up old recipes and lotions]. It has a spicy, light fragrance and could suit your ghost.

    Reply
  66. I am enjoying all of these comments. My thoughts went to gardenias. It was originally found in China and Japan before being sent to Europe via South Africa. The plant only did well in European hot houses but thrived in Africa, as Cape Jasmine, and in the Carolinas in the mid 1700’s. That would be a haunting, rare scent since it wasn’t widely cultivated successfully in Europe (too cold I presume).

    Reply
  67. I am enjoying all of these comments. My thoughts went to gardenias. It was originally found in China and Japan before being sent to Europe via South Africa. The plant only did well in European hot houses but thrived in Africa, as Cape Jasmine, and in the Carolinas in the mid 1700’s. That would be a haunting, rare scent since it wasn’t widely cultivated successfully in Europe (too cold I presume).

    Reply
  68. I am enjoying all of these comments. My thoughts went to gardenias. It was originally found in China and Japan before being sent to Europe via South Africa. The plant only did well in European hot houses but thrived in Africa, as Cape Jasmine, and in the Carolinas in the mid 1700’s. That would be a haunting, rare scent since it wasn’t widely cultivated successfully in Europe (too cold I presume).

    Reply
  69. I am enjoying all of these comments. My thoughts went to gardenias. It was originally found in China and Japan before being sent to Europe via South Africa. The plant only did well in European hot houses but thrived in Africa, as Cape Jasmine, and in the Carolinas in the mid 1700’s. That would be a haunting, rare scent since it wasn’t widely cultivated successfully in Europe (too cold I presume).

    Reply
  70. I am enjoying all of these comments. My thoughts went to gardenias. It was originally found in China and Japan before being sent to Europe via South Africa. The plant only did well in European hot houses but thrived in Africa, as Cape Jasmine, and in the Carolinas in the mid 1700’s. That would be a haunting, rare scent since it wasn’t widely cultivated successfully in Europe (too cold I presume).

    Reply

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