Jo Bev here, doing a quick blog on a funky set-up — our household computer system was attacked!
Here in the UK, we’re embroiled in a referendum as to whether we should leave the EU – the European Union. I won’t go into it, but it’s got me thinking about borders and boundaries in history.
Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland) is an island, which is a natural boundary, though the coasts have often been raided, and the countries invaded. The borders between England and Scotland and Wales have been at times flexible, but the English at least, tend to feel strongly about alteration and permeability, which many Europeans don’t get. (So interesting that the English still talk about the Continent as a separate place and think of Europeans as “them over there.”)
Many European countries have less firm boundaries, and don’t quite get why it matters. Wars and treaties have moved France, Holland, and Germany backward and forward. Only the “Eurovision Song Contest” could consider including Australia because it’s popular there!
Another ancient and firm border is between Portugal and Spain. Despite logic, the Portuguese resist any blending; even the trains stop at the border, where there are connector buses. Portugal is proud of being Britain’s oldest and firmest ally.
England has absorbed many immigrants and invaders over the centuries – Vikings, Danes, Saxons, Normans, Huguenots, Irish and others, and “England” whatever that is, has swallowed and absorbed them all. I’m sure in the 13th and 14th centuries, France was looking over the Channel and thinking, “We conquered them in 1066, changed the laws and customs… What happened?” For by then English had overtaken French, and the English were trying to take over France!
Just some thoughts that might have something to do with historical fiction. For one thing, the people in England before the Conquest were not Saxons – Saxons live in Saxony. They are often referred to as “Anglo-Saxons” ie Saxons from Germany absorbed into England, but more properly as the English. It's interesting that the 3rd and 4th generations of Normans are now known as the Anglo-Normans.
Any thoughts?
++I’m sure in the 13th and 14th centuries, France was looking over the Channel and thinking, “We conquered them in 1066, changed the laws and customs… What happened?” For by then English had overtaken French, and the English were trying to take over France!++
LOL about that, Jo. *G* On an island like Britain, all the border changes are confined within the boundaries of the sea, though there are Welsh and Scots who still want to redraw lines. I knew that England and Portugal have a deep rooted alliance,but hadn’t thought how that was reflected in Portugal insistently maintaining traditional borders; I thought that had more to do with the mountains. On the plains of Eastern Europe, that sweep into Asian, border changes have always been rampant. “Here comes another Horde, change the village signs!”
It’s an interesting topic, particularly when one things of all the small principalities that went into ultimate Germany and Italy. Fun with maps!
++I’m sure in the 13th and 14th centuries, France was looking over the Channel and thinking, “We conquered them in 1066, changed the laws and customs… What happened?” For by then English had overtaken French, and the English were trying to take over France!++
LOL about that, Jo. *G* On an island like Britain, all the border changes are confined within the boundaries of the sea, though there are Welsh and Scots who still want to redraw lines. I knew that England and Portugal have a deep rooted alliance,but hadn’t thought how that was reflected in Portugal insistently maintaining traditional borders; I thought that had more to do with the mountains. On the plains of Eastern Europe, that sweep into Asian, border changes have always been rampant. “Here comes another Horde, change the village signs!”
It’s an interesting topic, particularly when one things of all the small principalities that went into ultimate Germany and Italy. Fun with maps!
++I’m sure in the 13th and 14th centuries, France was looking over the Channel and thinking, “We conquered them in 1066, changed the laws and customs… What happened?” For by then English had overtaken French, and the English were trying to take over France!++
LOL about that, Jo. *G* On an island like Britain, all the border changes are confined within the boundaries of the sea, though there are Welsh and Scots who still want to redraw lines. I knew that England and Portugal have a deep rooted alliance,but hadn’t thought how that was reflected in Portugal insistently maintaining traditional borders; I thought that had more to do with the mountains. On the plains of Eastern Europe, that sweep into Asian, border changes have always been rampant. “Here comes another Horde, change the village signs!”
It’s an interesting topic, particularly when one things of all the small principalities that went into ultimate Germany and Italy. Fun with maps!
++I’m sure in the 13th and 14th centuries, France was looking over the Channel and thinking, “We conquered them in 1066, changed the laws and customs… What happened?” For by then English had overtaken French, and the English were trying to take over France!++
LOL about that, Jo. *G* On an island like Britain, all the border changes are confined within the boundaries of the sea, though there are Welsh and Scots who still want to redraw lines. I knew that England and Portugal have a deep rooted alliance,but hadn’t thought how that was reflected in Portugal insistently maintaining traditional borders; I thought that had more to do with the mountains. On the plains of Eastern Europe, that sweep into Asian, border changes have always been rampant. “Here comes another Horde, change the village signs!”
It’s an interesting topic, particularly when one things of all the small principalities that went into ultimate Germany and Italy. Fun with maps!
++I’m sure in the 13th and 14th centuries, France was looking over the Channel and thinking, “We conquered them in 1066, changed the laws and customs… What happened?” For by then English had overtaken French, and the English were trying to take over France!++
LOL about that, Jo. *G* On an island like Britain, all the border changes are confined within the boundaries of the sea, though there are Welsh and Scots who still want to redraw lines. I knew that England and Portugal have a deep rooted alliance,but hadn’t thought how that was reflected in Portugal insistently maintaining traditional borders; I thought that had more to do with the mountains. On the plains of Eastern Europe, that sweep into Asian, border changes have always been rampant. “Here comes another Horde, change the village signs!”
It’s an interesting topic, particularly when one things of all the small principalities that went into ultimate Germany and Italy. Fun with maps!
I was trying to find my great-grandfather’s immigration to the U.S. in the 1890s, but nothing showed up for a Danish farmer named Adam Nielsen. By chance I came across the same name, at the right time, with the correct wife and kids. They were identified as Prussian on the ship manifest, which no one in my family had ever mentioned. Now I know about the Schleswig-Holstein territory disputes and the Danish vs. German populations in Jutland, which I can explain to any of my cousins who might care:)
I was trying to find my great-grandfather’s immigration to the U.S. in the 1890s, but nothing showed up for a Danish farmer named Adam Nielsen. By chance I came across the same name, at the right time, with the correct wife and kids. They were identified as Prussian on the ship manifest, which no one in my family had ever mentioned. Now I know about the Schleswig-Holstein territory disputes and the Danish vs. German populations in Jutland, which I can explain to any of my cousins who might care:)
I was trying to find my great-grandfather’s immigration to the U.S. in the 1890s, but nothing showed up for a Danish farmer named Adam Nielsen. By chance I came across the same name, at the right time, with the correct wife and kids. They were identified as Prussian on the ship manifest, which no one in my family had ever mentioned. Now I know about the Schleswig-Holstein territory disputes and the Danish vs. German populations in Jutland, which I can explain to any of my cousins who might care:)
I was trying to find my great-grandfather’s immigration to the U.S. in the 1890s, but nothing showed up for a Danish farmer named Adam Nielsen. By chance I came across the same name, at the right time, with the correct wife and kids. They were identified as Prussian on the ship manifest, which no one in my family had ever mentioned. Now I know about the Schleswig-Holstein territory disputes and the Danish vs. German populations in Jutland, which I can explain to any of my cousins who might care:)
I was trying to find my great-grandfather’s immigration to the U.S. in the 1890s, but nothing showed up for a Danish farmer named Adam Nielsen. By chance I came across the same name, at the right time, with the correct wife and kids. They were identified as Prussian on the ship manifest, which no one in my family had ever mentioned. Now I know about the Schleswig-Holstein territory disputes and the Danish vs. German populations in Jutland, which I can explain to any of my cousins who might care:)
I nearly died when they let Australia into Eurovision! It is definitely huge with Australians (and also apparently in Canada, but I don’t know if that is true), but it was so strange. We didn’t exactly send our best act… I was in Helsinki the year it was there – got on the television coverage and everything – but I think it should stay in Europe.
On the topic of Australia: there is a nation that shares no boundaries. It is difficult to think of countries with land borders when you grow up without any…
It would be nice if people would stop invading Ukraine!! I’m there at the moment, and seeing and talking to all the soldiers is very sad. It is 2016; borders shouldn’t be changing at the whim of a dictator.
I nearly died when they let Australia into Eurovision! It is definitely huge with Australians (and also apparently in Canada, but I don’t know if that is true), but it was so strange. We didn’t exactly send our best act… I was in Helsinki the year it was there – got on the television coverage and everything – but I think it should stay in Europe.
On the topic of Australia: there is a nation that shares no boundaries. It is difficult to think of countries with land borders when you grow up without any…
It would be nice if people would stop invading Ukraine!! I’m there at the moment, and seeing and talking to all the soldiers is very sad. It is 2016; borders shouldn’t be changing at the whim of a dictator.
I nearly died when they let Australia into Eurovision! It is definitely huge with Australians (and also apparently in Canada, but I don’t know if that is true), but it was so strange. We didn’t exactly send our best act… I was in Helsinki the year it was there – got on the television coverage and everything – but I think it should stay in Europe.
On the topic of Australia: there is a nation that shares no boundaries. It is difficult to think of countries with land borders when you grow up without any…
It would be nice if people would stop invading Ukraine!! I’m there at the moment, and seeing and talking to all the soldiers is very sad. It is 2016; borders shouldn’t be changing at the whim of a dictator.
I nearly died when they let Australia into Eurovision! It is definitely huge with Australians (and also apparently in Canada, but I don’t know if that is true), but it was so strange. We didn’t exactly send our best act… I was in Helsinki the year it was there – got on the television coverage and everything – but I think it should stay in Europe.
On the topic of Australia: there is a nation that shares no boundaries. It is difficult to think of countries with land borders when you grow up without any…
It would be nice if people would stop invading Ukraine!! I’m there at the moment, and seeing and talking to all the soldiers is very sad. It is 2016; borders shouldn’t be changing at the whim of a dictator.
I nearly died when they let Australia into Eurovision! It is definitely huge with Australians (and also apparently in Canada, but I don’t know if that is true), but it was so strange. We didn’t exactly send our best act… I was in Helsinki the year it was there – got on the television coverage and everything – but I think it should stay in Europe.
On the topic of Australia: there is a nation that shares no boundaries. It is difficult to think of countries with land borders when you grow up without any…
It would be nice if people would stop invading Ukraine!! I’m there at the moment, and seeing and talking to all the soldiers is very sad. It is 2016; borders shouldn’t be changing at the whim of a dictator.
Changing borders in the U. S. appears to be to be a matter of history. With only two neighbors on the mainland, with borders secured by treaty, I would be astonished if the borders were to change. Especially the border between the U. S. and Canada! I also consider our island state of Hawaii reasonably free from border dispute. So all my life, I’ve felt that I lived in a fixed border country. (My first geography lessons included 48 states, the addition of Alaska and Hawaii as two new states came after I attained voting age, but didn’t change my ‘Static Border” feeling.)
But I do read history and historical novels, so I have watched those borders grow. And I grew up in St. Louis, a town which regularly celebrates the Louisiana Purchase. Still my feeling is that the border WERE fluid but that they’re static now!
Does this make me sound inflexible and smug?
Changing borders in the U. S. appears to be to be a matter of history. With only two neighbors on the mainland, with borders secured by treaty, I would be astonished if the borders were to change. Especially the border between the U. S. and Canada! I also consider our island state of Hawaii reasonably free from border dispute. So all my life, I’ve felt that I lived in a fixed border country. (My first geography lessons included 48 states, the addition of Alaska and Hawaii as two new states came after I attained voting age, but didn’t change my ‘Static Border” feeling.)
But I do read history and historical novels, so I have watched those borders grow. And I grew up in St. Louis, a town which regularly celebrates the Louisiana Purchase. Still my feeling is that the border WERE fluid but that they’re static now!
Does this make me sound inflexible and smug?
Changing borders in the U. S. appears to be to be a matter of history. With only two neighbors on the mainland, with borders secured by treaty, I would be astonished if the borders were to change. Especially the border between the U. S. and Canada! I also consider our island state of Hawaii reasonably free from border dispute. So all my life, I’ve felt that I lived in a fixed border country. (My first geography lessons included 48 states, the addition of Alaska and Hawaii as two new states came after I attained voting age, but didn’t change my ‘Static Border” feeling.)
But I do read history and historical novels, so I have watched those borders grow. And I grew up in St. Louis, a town which regularly celebrates the Louisiana Purchase. Still my feeling is that the border WERE fluid but that they’re static now!
Does this make me sound inflexible and smug?
Changing borders in the U. S. appears to be to be a matter of history. With only two neighbors on the mainland, with borders secured by treaty, I would be astonished if the borders were to change. Especially the border between the U. S. and Canada! I also consider our island state of Hawaii reasonably free from border dispute. So all my life, I’ve felt that I lived in a fixed border country. (My first geography lessons included 48 states, the addition of Alaska and Hawaii as two new states came after I attained voting age, but didn’t change my ‘Static Border” feeling.)
But I do read history and historical novels, so I have watched those borders grow. And I grew up in St. Louis, a town which regularly celebrates the Louisiana Purchase. Still my feeling is that the border WERE fluid but that they’re static now!
Does this make me sound inflexible and smug?
Changing borders in the U. S. appears to be to be a matter of history. With only two neighbors on the mainland, with borders secured by treaty, I would be astonished if the borders were to change. Especially the border between the U. S. and Canada! I also consider our island state of Hawaii reasonably free from border dispute. So all my life, I’ve felt that I lived in a fixed border country. (My first geography lessons included 48 states, the addition of Alaska and Hawaii as two new states came after I attained voting age, but didn’t change my ‘Static Border” feeling.)
But I do read history and historical novels, so I have watched those borders grow. And I grew up in St. Louis, a town which regularly celebrates the Louisiana Purchase. Still my feeling is that the border WERE fluid but that they’re static now!
Does this make me sound inflexible and smug?
Great post, Jo! I grew up believing I was English, German and Welsh. And I married a guy who was supposed to be from similar stock. But when my daughter’s ancestry.com DNA results came back, she tested 30% Irish.
🙂
Nina
Great post, Jo! I grew up believing I was English, German and Welsh. And I married a guy who was supposed to be from similar stock. But when my daughter’s ancestry.com DNA results came back, she tested 30% Irish.
🙂
Nina
Great post, Jo! I grew up believing I was English, German and Welsh. And I married a guy who was supposed to be from similar stock. But when my daughter’s ancestry.com DNA results came back, she tested 30% Irish.
🙂
Nina
Great post, Jo! I grew up believing I was English, German and Welsh. And I married a guy who was supposed to be from similar stock. But when my daughter’s ancestry.com DNA results came back, she tested 30% Irish.
🙂
Nina
Great post, Jo! I grew up believing I was English, German and Welsh. And I married a guy who was supposed to be from similar stock. But when my daughter’s ancestry.com DNA results came back, she tested 30% Irish.
🙂
Nina
It’s true that a lot of countries are recent constructs
It’s true that a lot of countries are recent constructs
It’s true that a lot of countries are recent constructs
It’s true that a lot of countries are recent constructs
It’s true that a lot of countries are recent constructs
I can imagine how complex that can be!
I can imagine how complex that can be!
I can imagine how complex that can be!
I can imagine how complex that can be!
I can imagine how complex that can be!
Good point about Australia, Sonya. And about Ukraine.
Good point about Australia, Sonya. And about Ukraine.
Good point about Australia, Sonya. And about Ukraine.
Good point about Australia, Sonya. And about Ukraine.
Good point about Australia, Sonya. And about Ukraine.
As Sonya said above, I think we all thought borders were settled.
As Sonya said above, I think we all thought borders were settled.
As Sonya said above, I think we all thought borders were settled.
As Sonya said above, I think we all thought borders were settled.
As Sonya said above, I think we all thought borders were settled.
I had to laugh at the idea that Britain thinks Europe is ‘over there’ even though it’s part of it. I think we’re the same here in Ireland. Well at least the people think so anyway. Our government (when we have one) seem to think we should be ruled by Europe.
Even though I grew up in Ireland and have spent most of my life here, I was born in England. When I have to fill in forms with my nationality I’m often in a tizz. We had our census lately and I don’t know what I filled in at the end!!!!
I had to laugh at the idea that Britain thinks Europe is ‘over there’ even though it’s part of it. I think we’re the same here in Ireland. Well at least the people think so anyway. Our government (when we have one) seem to think we should be ruled by Europe.
Even though I grew up in Ireland and have spent most of my life here, I was born in England. When I have to fill in forms with my nationality I’m often in a tizz. We had our census lately and I don’t know what I filled in at the end!!!!
I had to laugh at the idea that Britain thinks Europe is ‘over there’ even though it’s part of it. I think we’re the same here in Ireland. Well at least the people think so anyway. Our government (when we have one) seem to think we should be ruled by Europe.
Even though I grew up in Ireland and have spent most of my life here, I was born in England. When I have to fill in forms with my nationality I’m often in a tizz. We had our census lately and I don’t know what I filled in at the end!!!!
I had to laugh at the idea that Britain thinks Europe is ‘over there’ even though it’s part of it. I think we’re the same here in Ireland. Well at least the people think so anyway. Our government (when we have one) seem to think we should be ruled by Europe.
Even though I grew up in Ireland and have spent most of my life here, I was born in England. When I have to fill in forms with my nationality I’m often in a tizz. We had our census lately and I don’t know what I filled in at the end!!!!
I had to laugh at the idea that Britain thinks Europe is ‘over there’ even though it’s part of it. I think we’re the same here in Ireland. Well at least the people think so anyway. Our government (when we have one) seem to think we should be ruled by Europe.
Even though I grew up in Ireland and have spent most of my life here, I was born in England. When I have to fill in forms with my nationality I’m often in a tizz. We had our census lately and I don’t know what I filled in at the end!!!!
And English ancestry came from all over Europe. My mother’s New England family all came from England in the 17th and 18th century. When I did my Ancestry Dna I mostly had what I expected — Great Britain, Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Saxon. But where did the 1-5% Iberian come from? The Spanish Armada? It turns out that in pre-historic times some Iberians crossed to the southern coast of England. Obviously, the Devon branch still retained those traces 10,000 years later. The seas weren’t always borders.
And English ancestry came from all over Europe. My mother’s New England family all came from England in the 17th and 18th century. When I did my Ancestry Dna I mostly had what I expected — Great Britain, Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Saxon. But where did the 1-5% Iberian come from? The Spanish Armada? It turns out that in pre-historic times some Iberians crossed to the southern coast of England. Obviously, the Devon branch still retained those traces 10,000 years later. The seas weren’t always borders.
And English ancestry came from all over Europe. My mother’s New England family all came from England in the 17th and 18th century. When I did my Ancestry Dna I mostly had what I expected — Great Britain, Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Saxon. But where did the 1-5% Iberian come from? The Spanish Armada? It turns out that in pre-historic times some Iberians crossed to the southern coast of England. Obviously, the Devon branch still retained those traces 10,000 years later. The seas weren’t always borders.
And English ancestry came from all over Europe. My mother’s New England family all came from England in the 17th and 18th century. When I did my Ancestry Dna I mostly had what I expected — Great Britain, Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Saxon. But where did the 1-5% Iberian come from? The Spanish Armada? It turns out that in pre-historic times some Iberians crossed to the southern coast of England. Obviously, the Devon branch still retained those traces 10,000 years later. The seas weren’t always borders.
And English ancestry came from all over Europe. My mother’s New England family all came from England in the 17th and 18th century. When I did my Ancestry Dna I mostly had what I expected — Great Britain, Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Saxon. But where did the 1-5% Iberian come from? The Spanish Armada? It turns out that in pre-historic times some Iberians crossed to the southern coast of England. Obviously, the Devon branch still retained those traces 10,000 years later. The seas weren’t always borders.
Great post, as always. It’s only that there’s a sentence that has surprised me: Despite logic, the Portuguese resist any blending; even the trains stop at the border, where there are connector buses. I’ve been to Portugal a couple of times and I went by train all the way from Spain to Portugal and from Portugal to Spain, without making any change in the frontier, as it’s logical, because in Schengen space they cannot stop you in the borders -in general teerms. Was it a experience from the past or something like that?
Apart from that, seas were not borders but connection in certain periods of time, for instance, the Mediterranean sea in Roman times.
And last but not least, treaties about frontiers are the hardest to achieve, as any international lawyer can tell you. That’s why it’s so difficult to undo the terrible mistakes made during the decolonization process, even if everybody agree that they were absolutely crazy, and create more problems that they solve.
Great post, as always. It’s only that there’s a sentence that has surprised me: Despite logic, the Portuguese resist any blending; even the trains stop at the border, where there are connector buses. I’ve been to Portugal a couple of times and I went by train all the way from Spain to Portugal and from Portugal to Spain, without making any change in the frontier, as it’s logical, because in Schengen space they cannot stop you in the borders -in general teerms. Was it a experience from the past or something like that?
Apart from that, seas were not borders but connection in certain periods of time, for instance, the Mediterranean sea in Roman times.
And last but not least, treaties about frontiers are the hardest to achieve, as any international lawyer can tell you. That’s why it’s so difficult to undo the terrible mistakes made during the decolonization process, even if everybody agree that they were absolutely crazy, and create more problems that they solve.
Great post, as always. It’s only that there’s a sentence that has surprised me: Despite logic, the Portuguese resist any blending; even the trains stop at the border, where there are connector buses. I’ve been to Portugal a couple of times and I went by train all the way from Spain to Portugal and from Portugal to Spain, without making any change in the frontier, as it’s logical, because in Schengen space they cannot stop you in the borders -in general teerms. Was it a experience from the past or something like that?
Apart from that, seas were not borders but connection in certain periods of time, for instance, the Mediterranean sea in Roman times.
And last but not least, treaties about frontiers are the hardest to achieve, as any international lawyer can tell you. That’s why it’s so difficult to undo the terrible mistakes made during the decolonization process, even if everybody agree that they were absolutely crazy, and create more problems that they solve.
Great post, as always. It’s only that there’s a sentence that has surprised me: Despite logic, the Portuguese resist any blending; even the trains stop at the border, where there are connector buses. I’ve been to Portugal a couple of times and I went by train all the way from Spain to Portugal and from Portugal to Spain, without making any change in the frontier, as it’s logical, because in Schengen space they cannot stop you in the borders -in general teerms. Was it a experience from the past or something like that?
Apart from that, seas were not borders but connection in certain periods of time, for instance, the Mediterranean sea in Roman times.
And last but not least, treaties about frontiers are the hardest to achieve, as any international lawyer can tell you. That’s why it’s so difficult to undo the terrible mistakes made during the decolonization process, even if everybody agree that they were absolutely crazy, and create more problems that they solve.
Great post, as always. It’s only that there’s a sentence that has surprised me: Despite logic, the Portuguese resist any blending; even the trains stop at the border, where there are connector buses. I’ve been to Portugal a couple of times and I went by train all the way from Spain to Portugal and from Portugal to Spain, without making any change in the frontier, as it’s logical, because in Schengen space they cannot stop you in the borders -in general teerms. Was it a experience from the past or something like that?
Apart from that, seas were not borders but connection in certain periods of time, for instance, the Mediterranean sea in Roman times.
And last but not least, treaties about frontiers are the hardest to achieve, as any international lawyer can tell you. That’s why it’s so difficult to undo the terrible mistakes made during the decolonization process, even if everybody agree that they were absolutely crazy, and create more problems that they solve.
I can identify with that, Teresa! Even though I travel quite a lot and have visited “Europe” many times I still don’t think of Britain as being a part of it geographically, leaving aside the political considerations. I imagine Ireland is much the same because we are islands!
I can identify with that, Teresa! Even though I travel quite a lot and have visited “Europe” many times I still don’t think of Britain as being a part of it geographically, leaving aside the political considerations. I imagine Ireland is much the same because we are islands!
I can identify with that, Teresa! Even though I travel quite a lot and have visited “Europe” many times I still don’t think of Britain as being a part of it geographically, leaving aside the political considerations. I imagine Ireland is much the same because we are islands!
I can identify with that, Teresa! Even though I travel quite a lot and have visited “Europe” many times I still don’t think of Britain as being a part of it geographically, leaving aside the political considerations. I imagine Ireland is much the same because we are islands!
I can identify with that, Teresa! Even though I travel quite a lot and have visited “Europe” many times I still don’t think of Britain as being a part of it geographically, leaving aside the political considerations. I imagine Ireland is much the same because we are islands!
May I just say how happy I was to see the reference to Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Peg. That’s me too and I’m very proud of it! I also love the fact that the British Isles are made up of so many different people, cultures and influences, and have been for thousands of years.
May I just say how happy I was to see the reference to Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Peg. That’s me too and I’m very proud of it! I also love the fact that the British Isles are made up of so many different people, cultures and influences, and have been for thousands of years.
May I just say how happy I was to see the reference to Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Peg. That’s me too and I’m very proud of it! I also love the fact that the British Isles are made up of so many different people, cultures and influences, and have been for thousands of years.
May I just say how happy I was to see the reference to Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Peg. That’s me too and I’m very proud of it! I also love the fact that the British Isles are made up of so many different people, cultures and influences, and have been for thousands of years.
May I just say how happy I was to see the reference to Scandinavian (the Yorkshire branch), Peg. That’s me too and I’m very proud of it! I also love the fact that the British Isles are made up of so many different people, cultures and influences, and have been for thousands of years.